Luxembourg

600-metre cliff-top promenade above the Alzette valley, nicknamed 'Europe's most beautiful balcony'. Panoramic views of Grund, Clausen, and the Bock fortifications; leashed dogs welcome year-round, day and night.

30-hectare river-valley park slicing through the heart of the city beneath the UNESCO fortifications, with two fenced municipal dog enclosures. Leashed dogs welcome the full length; open 24/7, free.

Picture-perfect lower town, an 18th-century cobbled quarter along the Alzette beneath the fortifications, with riverside cafés, the Neumünster cultural centre, and the Saint-Jean-du-Grund church. Leashed dogs welcome throughout.

600-hectare beech forest at the city's north-western edge, the largest urban forest in Luxembourg. Marked walking trails where off-leash is tolerated on the inner paths; free bus 14 from Hamilius.

Tree-lined pedestrian square at the heart of the Old Town, ringed with dog-friendly café terraces, two minutes from the Grand Ducal Palace and the Notre-Dame Cathedral. A lively civic centre, leash-friendly.

380-hectare reservoir lake in the Ardennes, 45 minutes by car, the country's largest body of water and the only place in Luxembourg where dogs can swim freely off-leash on the wooded shores year-round.